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linux软件安装、用户信息常见英文缩写

2011-06-26 11:19:02| 分类： linux入门 | 标签： |举报 |字号大中小订阅

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一、rpm安装包后缀i386、i686、src、noarc、x86_64

i386 指这个软件包适用于intel 80386以上的x86架构的计算机(AI32)

i686 指这个软件包适用于intel 80686以上(奔腾pro以上)的x86架构的计算机(IA32)

src 指软件包是包含了源代码的rpm包，在安装时需要进行编译

noarc 指这个软件包于硬件架构无关，可以通用，是no architecture的缩写

x86_64 指用于x86架构64位系统上

rpm包的文件名中包含了这个软件包的版本信息，操作系统信息，硬件要求等，一个rpm包文件名示例：

curl-7.19.7-16.el6.i686.rpm

其中curl是软件名称，7.19.7是软件版本号，16是发行号，el6代表用于el6(红帽企业版6)系统，i686表示适用于intel 80686以上(奔腾pro以上)的x86架构的计算机(IA32)

说明：i686软件包的程序通常针对CPU进行了优化，向后兼容比较好，i386的包在x86机器上都可以用。向前一般不兼容，不过现在的计算机，奔腾pro以下的CPU已经很少了，通常配置的机器都可以使用i686软件包

二、pty,ptmx/pts,tty

使用w或who查看系统已登录用户信息时通常会看到pty、pts、tty等

pty - pseudo-terminal interfaces //伪终端接口

描述：A pseudo-terminal is a pair of virtual character devices that provide a bidirectional communication channel. One end of the channel is called the master; the other end is called the slave. The slave end of the pseudo-terminal provides an interface that behaves exactly like a classical terminal. A process that expects to be connected to a terminal, can open the slave end of a pseudo-terminal and then be driven by a program that has opened the master end. Anything that is written on the master end is provided to the process on the slave end as though it was input typed on a terminal. For example, writing the interrupt character (usually control-C) to the master device would cause an interrupt signal (SIGINT) to be generated for the foreground process group that is connected to the slave. Conversely, anything that is written to the slave end of the pseudo-terminal can be read by the process that is connected to the master end. Pseudo-terminals are used by applications such as network login services (ssh(1), rlogin(1), telnet(1)), terminal emulators, script(1), screen(1), and expect(1).

ptmx and pts - pseudo-terminal master and slave //伪终端中的主从设备

tty - print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input //输出终端的文件名
[lzgonline@lzgonline ~]$ who
lzgonline pts/0 2011-06-24 20:57 (192.168.229.1)
[lzgonline@lzgonline ~]$ tty
/dev/pts/0

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